Statistical Process Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statistical Process Control - Essay Example These factors are very frequent and can be statistically evaluated. These are determined by external variations, their causes are out of statistics control. Even though these factors are out of statistics control various test are used to determine their occurrence. Their occurrence is not frequent (Wise, 1998) 2) Tabulation of collected data; the data about the activity and the time is carefully tabulated. It is easy to read tabulated data in addition to the fact that the data can be grouped simplifying statistics calculations. 3) Calculation of the mean; this aids in determining the time to allocate to each activity; different activities will have different means. The time allocated for each activity can be based on the mean. To define the control limits it is necessary to evaluate the history of the process and also determine how wide the control limits will be set. To determine the limits, it is common to draw the normal distribution curve and attempt to normalize the curve. Probability density functions are used. References Wise, S. A. (1998). Innovative Control Charting: Practical SPC Solutions for Today's Manufacturing Environment. Milwaukee: ASQ Quality

Considered the Mummys Curse, a series of unexplainable, unfortunate, Essay

Considered the Mummys Curse, a series of unexplainable, unfortunate, or tragic events that happened to the people who were present at the opening of Tutankhamens tomb - Essay Example Since fruits and vegetables and other organic items were also put in tombs, and since the tombs were entirely hermetically sealed, it is possible that mold spores could have existed and stayed viable across thousands of years (Dunning, 2008). Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, for instance, are molds that can cause allergic reactions such as congestion and bleeding in the lungs (Handwerk 2006). The second theory asserts that there is no connection between the tomb’s opening and several deaths of those present when the tomb was opened. F. DeWolfe Miller, professor of epidemiology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, argued that no archeologist is known to have directly died from the curse (Handwerk, 2012). In 2002, the British Medical Journal published a study conducted by Dr. Mark Nelson from Monash University in Australia. Nelson did a retrospective cohort analysis to determine if the dates of death actually of people who were there during Tut’s tomb opening we re hastened, due to the existence of a possible curse (Dunning, 2008). Findings showed that only 25 were exposed to the curse and lived to the average age of 70, while those who were not exposed lived to the average age of 75 (Dunning, 2008). The best theory is the one that finds no connection between the deaths and the curse of the mummy. It is clear that there is no direct relationship between the participation in the opening of the tomb and dying, as Nelson’s study showed. Furthermore, Miller also showed that archeologists involved with the tomb did not die at all. The curse is a mere coincident among deaths that the media fed

Lifespan Development Early ChildhoodÂÂ

Lifespan Development Early Childhood   Lifespan development entails various elements such as change, and movement from one life stage to the other. Trying to understand early childhood development using life span approach has many positive implications to early childhood professionals since it will help them in playing an important role in helping children and their families develop sound social policies. Lifespan development results to life transitions and can be associated with various skills such as fine motor skills, overregulaization, centration and private speech among others. Some of the lifespan developments are permanent while others only last for a while. Lifespan development is used to describe growth progression through several stages. Development is used to measure the level of maturity. To illustrate this I chose a 3 year old girl. This little girl is a pupil of a daycare center. I got to know the girl because my daughter works in that institution. The girls mother works in the same institution and this was one of the reasons I considered using the girl in my case study since her mother would help me in giving answers for questions I needed in order to identify certain special skills. In order to understand early childhood development skills interviews concerning various observations and interactions both physical and social were used in order to determine which skills the child had. The main objective of conducting this project was to identify various skills and changes that are associated with three year old child. The girl I used represented a sample of three year old children. Three years in childhood development is a transition period and its during this age that a child is able to start learning about himself and the surrounding world. As a result this stage is considered a preoperational stage since the child learns a lot in this age. According to Piagets theory, its during this stage that children develop private speech and show animated thinking since they can not manipulate information mentally (Goetz Allen, 1986). Most of the developmental skills such as child rearing styles, gender identity and centration are acquired at this age. The family has been keen in helping this girl develop at this age. Usually her mother who is also the teacher for the daycare center has developed a consistent schedule since at this age its important to train the girl on rituals that are associated with this preoperational stage. By doing this project I wanted to determine the level of maturity and skills of the three year old girl. To determine the maturity level I used various action and skills that are associated with children aged 3 years. Physical development refers to changes and improvements in physical parts. Some of the attributes that are used to describe physical development include control, movement, coordination and manipulation. For a child of three years, these improvement attributes are easily scored by analysis the performance of the child. For girl used in this project showed various physical developments. The girl was able to hop on one foot one of the coordination physical development associated with three year old child. In addition, the girls walking coordination is good hence she was able to walk in a line. This girl like other children of three years was able to walk on toes. The girl also was able to wash her hands, brush teeth and retrieve own drink. The girl also enjoyed helping in household chores as well as she is able to put on shoes. These are some of the physical developments that are expected for a three year old child. These activities define the over regularization skills that are associated with three year old child development. The child at this age tries to learn almost all aspects of life. In addition other physical development skills that this girl showed was that she does not wet her bed occasionally as children of her age are expected to. The girl has also ready learned how to use toilet. When got doing something wrong, the girl feels shamed and has already learned to differentiate between similarities and differences. The girl also showed she has gender identity skills by being able to differentiate parents gender. In addition, the girl showed the following motor physical development. She was able to walk with a swift this showed that she had better walking coordination as the walking was almost adult style. The girl was also able to run around obstacles and to catch balls throw overhead thou inconsistently. Her in ability to catch the ball consistently showed that the girl centration skills were not fully developed. The girl who was interviewed and observed during this project could ride tricycle and was able to alternate feet when climbing stairs. Hence the child demonstrated fine/ gross motor skills (Esther, 2010). Fine motor skills are used to determine development requiring smaller movements and interactive capabilities such as movements that require use of hands, and legs. Demonstrating fine motor skills shows that the child is able to use both her hands and legs properly. Gross motor skills on other hand are used to show a childs ability to move various body parts as expected at that age. The girls ability to solve puzzles and manipulate clay and figure paints clearly demonstrates her development of fine motor skills. Another aspect that was used to determine the physical development of the child is through studying her language and thinking development. The girl showed to have developed some of these skills since she was able to understand some concepts such as concerning now, later and soon. In addition, the girl was able to match pictures with objects and to recognize cause and affect relationship. Developing of puzzles of 5-6 years child is an appropriate behavior for 3 years age and can be used to indicate fast development phenomenon. Cognitive development refers to ability of a child to learn and solve problems. For 3 year old kid, cognitive development enable the child to learn how to draw some images, build blocks with the intention of making specific structures such as trains, towers or buildings. In addition a three year old child enjoys showing what they already know. The child also likes seeking attention and making comments especially on stories touching family events. Another cognitive development for three year old child is that they are able to construct a sentence of three or four words and also are able to pluralize items, produce verbs and also to negate ideas by using no, and not. This cognitive development noted showed that the girl had already developed private speech skills. Private speech skills enable the child to pass information as per their understanding and require one to have the ability to negate ideas, to differentiate ideas that are in plural among others. Private speech enables individuals as they develop to correctly pass their information. The girl who was used for this project has most of the attributes associated with cognitive development for three year old child. The girl enjoys following directions and orders skills which are also associated with pre operation stage. In addition the girl speech is understandable and is able to construct 3-5 words sentence. The girl is also able to match pictures to objects. Like other children of her age are expected to the child learns by doing and through sense rather than being told concerning something in order to understand. From the project it was noted that the child is in preoperational stage and has developed her initiative Vs guilt aspect. The initiative V guilt aspect was demonstrated by the girls ability to feel guilt when found on the wrong (Esther, 1986). This can by illustrated by her cognitive development of being able to follow orders and to try to learn things by doing them. All the cognitive development behavior that was observed in this girl rhyme with those ex pected for children of her age. Social and emotional development Some of the skills that are associated with this social and emotional development of children aged 3 include gender identification, centration and sociodramatic play. Some of the skills that can be used to show centration include liking to help in household chores and being more bossy hence making demands and orders to their parents and care givers. The girl used in the project showed this skill since she at her own will enjoys helping but also her own will chooses not to obey and orders her will to be done. This shows that her social and emotional development is self centered; its her own will that determines if she can help or share or not. In addition, the girl demonstrated sociodramatic play by her skills that enables her play pretty well with other children thou it was also observed that she prefers playing alone implying that this social emotional development has not fully developed. The following social and emotional development skills were also noted about the girl, child rearing skills which are mostly employed by children when they notice other people feelings and moods. When her mother is sad or angry the child tries employing these social and motional development skills by trying to be too sweet (MamaHealth.com, 2009). The child rearing skills are developed by child to show her concern for other people just the same way she expects to be shown concern. It was also noted that the girl expresses some animistic thinking social and emotional skills since she does not like sharing especially when instructed unless on her own will. Other social and emotional skills that the girl shows which are associated with her age is the ability to realize her own limits and hence seeking help for what she can not achieve on her own. Conclusion Early child hood development entails the acquisition of various skills. Its the skills that a child acquires that can be use to determine if the childs development is regular or not. Unlike other forms of growth, development milestones can be identified at the first glance. There are several separate development areas which should be analyzed when analyzing life span development. These separate development areas were in this project analyzed and used to identify certain special skills associated with them. The development analysis not only identifies certain developments but also is used to detriment the stage and how the development ahs occurred. For instead when determining physical development of the girl, the research did not just observe if the girl is able to walk bit also tried to probe further and identify how she walks, if she has steady pace and if she is able to put one foot in front of the other. Its through analyzing these developments that one is able to determine the development skills that a child at a given age has already achieved and which ones they have not. It was noted that the girl showed gross/fine motor skills development and this was determined by the research observing the girls general ability which are associated with 3 year old development. In addition, by identifying the activities that the girl is able to do with her hands such as manipulating clay it was concluded that the girls physical development was rhyming with that of three year old child. The girls cognitive and social and emotional development also rhymes with that of three year old children. These were determined by the observation of various skills such as private speech development, identification of some child rearing styles associated with this particular age and demonstration of sociodramatic play which are also reflected in various development theories such as Piagets cognitive development theory. The family especially her mother has played an important role in fostering the girls development. The mother has developed a schedule on the activities to be done and this can be attributed to the girls ability to do things even beyond her age such as solving puzzles for 5-6 year children. In addition, the familys effort to train the girl to use potty at 1 and half years also can be attributed to the girls successful lifespan development.

Essays --

Quanisea Moses February 11, 2014 Dr. Yousuf Article Review Reconstructing the "Problem" of Race By: Edmund Fong Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 61, No. 4 (Dec., 2008), pp. 660-670â€Æ' Central Thesis In Reconstructing the â€Å"Problem† of Race an article written by Edmond Fong, he uses W.E.B Dubose’s The Souls of Black Folks, Woodrow Wilson’s 1913 Gettysburg Reunion Speech, Louis Harz’s The Liberal Tradition in America, and Rogers M. Smith’s Civic Ideas to help support his main points. The main point in this article understands the problem of race in American politics by examining its productive function by grounding the meaning of American liberalism. In the article the author sates that many doubt that there is still a problem with race in American politics, and even fewer doubt that it was a productive role in American History. Fong says that this article tries to show the economy of absence of and presence that connects racial discourse to American liberal national identity, by putting together its ongoing productivity as a criticism mask for American politics. In Rogers M. Smit...

Marketing Case

Management-to get to the profit I believe you have to have some good management behind a business. If you have a business and the management is not solid or unrecognized or nonexistent a business cannot run smoothly, therefore putting profit at risk for that business. Meaning the economic perspective cannot stand alone. 2. Customer Service- a business should always operate with the consumers in mind considering they are the ones who will generate profit for the business. If good customer service Is not involved in business, Just like good management, profit will not exist.Meaning the economic perspective cannot stand alone. 3. Supply and demand- a business has to think are we supplying what the consumers want or is demanded in order to make a profit. If you have a business selling things that are not needed or not wanted then surely u will not have profit. Meaning the economic perspective cannot stand alone. 4. Inventory- a business should offer operate with Inventory In mind If ther e aren't enough Inventories In a market people will go elsewhere to find it. Meaning the economic perspective cannot stand alone. . Marketing (image) – if a business cannot lure people in how is your profit going to be made. A business should also think about marketing has well or has a stepping stone to make a profit. Meaning the economic perspective cannot stand alone. A businesses general goal should be to make a profit but I do not feel that they should only operate with a profit In mind, because there are several factors that can get you to making a profit. A) Was Home Depot's behavior an act of good ethics or simply shrewd business?Imagine how an executive would argue in a meeting for the actions that the company kook. What objections might other executives raise? Believe that although Home Depot increased the price before hand I still see their behavior has an act of good ethics. The executives would argue in a meeting that In a time such as these that It's Just supply and demand. They raised prices knowing that people would come in to purchase these materials to protect their investments. 1 OFF Unlike price gouging Tanat seems to napped rater an Incident or at ten last nor Ana the prices go up extensively.Other executives might argue that they raised prices just at the right time to avoid really being looked at has price gouging. B) Would it make any difference in this case whether a decision maker takes a short -term or long-term view? Which view should the decision maker take? It would make a difference on whether a decision maker takes a long term or short term view. If you look at it from long term Home Depot made a smart business decision to increase their prices, they increased profits therefore in the future will be making more profits. In the short term they lost out on the profits that came from price gouging.I think the decision maker should take the view of short term and that I believe that they kept ethical in their businesses. C) D oes Home Depot (or any other Business) have a responsibility to help the citizens hurt by the hurricane? Whose responsibility is hurricane relief? I feel it's good business to help citizens hurt by the hurricane all it can do is make that business look very good to the public but I feel it is not their responsibility to and in hurricane relief it's the insurance companies and the owners responsibilities and if the situation is bad enough maybe the government

Organizational behavior term paper

Dear Sir I am delighted to submit an original term paper entitled â€Å"Study of Organizational Behavior in Bangladesh Organization† by my own for consideration of participating n a part of your instruction. We previously reveal all the portion of the course – Organizational Behavior through your smooth direction, and this term paper builds from our fascinating sketch to determine the condition of behavior management through the industry in this country. In this work I tried to elaborate a abbreviated picture of behavior management in Bangladesh organization.I believe that this manuscript is appropriate to find the satisfactory requirement of your consideration whatever you demanded. I hereby declare that this term paper is my own work and the paper has not copied from anyone. Effort and all other sources of information contained therein have been acknowledged. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, University of Asia Pacific. Acknowledgement First I am very grate ful to my Almighty for whom I can compose this research paper successfully in due time. I am obliged to my honorable instructor, Mr..Cadenzas Chowder under whose guidance and support, this term paper is composed with patience and sincerity. He always motivated us to work on this topic. I would also like to thank Mr.. Human Kabuki, deputy general manager of Crony Group who helps me y giving his valuable time to complete the survey in his own place. The theoretical abstract I have used in this paper is based on the text part of the course – MURMUR and on the lecture of the instructor. I also insert some theoretic division from other eBooks. Table of Content Chapter Title Page No Chapter 1 1. 1 Introduction 8 1. 2 Objective 1. 3 Methodology 9 1. 4 Limitation 1. Scope Chapter 2 Literary Study Chapter 3 Company Profile 32-36 Chapter 4 Findings of Study 37-42 Chapter 5 Conclusion Chapter # 01 Introduction Management is the set of obligations which manage an organization by planning , organizing and leading and directed at an organization's resources with the aim of achieving organizational goal in an efficient and effective manner. In an organization every manager has to manage the organizational resources and the goal would be always as productivity. In early age the managerial role of every organization find the financial, physical and human as a tool of resources to get the goal like productivity.But today the management of organization rethink that the human resources are not only as a tool of business. They have a colorful mind which works differently in the time of work in terms of productivity. It has to be managed to reflect a better output in terms of productivity. So from when the management starts to manage the behavior of human resources then a new theory of management was spring upped through the society of organizational management called behavior management or organizational behavior. Organizational behavior is the systematic study of human beha vior, attitudes and performance within an organizational setting.In every organization there are some people who work in it. Different people has different act of behavior. Sometimes the company is affected by these different behaviors in terms f productivity. Then it would be essential to manage their behavior by the managerial role of the organization. When they do so, then it would be called that the organizational behavior is applied through the organization. In modern time every organization need to manage the behavior of their human resources in order to survive within competition, because it has an ability to arise some extra output by the same resources in terms of productivity.In order to provide an understanding of what goes on at the organization, we need to study about the whole animation of the organization. In this term paper I observe the managerial action of a company and find out some level of observation to identify the nature of management. The whole work whatever I performed in this study was based on the behavioral management that ponders the management of the human resources in terms of behavior to bring out a better productivity in an organization. The main objective of this study is to find out that the behavior management is applied or not in an organization in real life.Dodo so, I had gone too very popular garment factory ;Bantu Color Tex' the mother factory of the ;crony Group† in Marrying. This is a labor intensive industry which deals with huge number of labors in terms of management within their daily operations. In order to survey the study I had meet with their some top and mid level employee as well as managerial role especially ;Mr.. Human Kabuki† the depute general manager who assemble me with their whole management of behavior management for their workers. 1. Methodology All the information of this study was collected on both primary and secondary sources. The secondary sources were used for fixing the theoretica l part of the paper and the primary sources was used to gather the information that related to the analyzing section. All the findings of the research section is animated by my own piece of study that gathered from the direct meetings with the deputy general manager of ;crony Group†. During the time of study there are some limitations which arise and biased my direction of efficiency.First of all the time shortage was a big problem to complete the paper effectively. Secondly the unmanageable path through which I had to go to the managerial role to complete the survey. Thirdly the time of interview, this was too short to know the complete sketch about the company. And after all the immunization via; the communication via with the people during the study was in local language. So it kills my lot of time to translate their word to our program language. And I have also need to explain some basic concept of organizational behavior briefly to the manager.During the time of the surve y of this report I also face a unique problem to meet the requirements. That was the weather. The report covers the whole picture of behavior management of Crony Group. This report especially emphasizes on the different categories of the managerial role to manage the labor to upgrade the productivity. In future if any report or research paper or term paper is processed to make about human behavior management then this piece of work will help and indicate some scope to implementation in effect.Chapter # 02 Meaning of Organizational behavior Organizational behavior is the systematic study of human behavior, attitudes and performance within an organizational setting; drawing on theory methods and principles from such disciplines as psychology, sociology and cultural anthropology to learn about individual perceptions, values, learning capacities and actions while working in groups and careful application of knowledge about how people- as individuals and as groups- act within the total o rganization; analyzing the external environment's effect on the organization and its human resources, missions, objectives and strategies.Fundamental concepts connected with Organizational behavior Fundamental concepts are basic principles that form a strong foundation for BOB. B has a set of fundamental concepts revolving around the nature of people and organizations. The Nature of People The six basic concepts relevant to the nature of people are: Law of individual differences-Each person is substantially different from all others in arms of their personalities, needs, demographic factors and past experiences and/or because they are placed in different physical settings, time periods or social surroundings.This diversity needs to be recognized and viewed as a valuable asset to organizations. Perception- Perception is the unique way in which each person sees, organizes and interprets things based on their background of individual differences. Each person reacts not to an objective world, but to a world Judged in terms of his/her own beliefs, values and expectations. Sometimes it may lead to selective perception in which people tend to pay attention to only those things that are consistent with or reinforce their own expectations.Selective perceptions may lead to misinterpretation of single events at work or create a barrier in the search for new experience. Managers need to recognize the perceptual differences among the employees and manage them accordingly. A whole person- People function as total human beings. People are physical, mental, social and spiritual beings and the organization actually employs the whole person rather than certain characteristics.There are spillover effects between the work life ND life outside work and management's focus should be in developing not only a better employee but also a better person in terms of growth and fulfillment. If the whole person can be developed, then benefits will extend beyond the firm into the larger socie ty in which each employee lives. Motivated behavior- Individual's behavior is guided by their needs and the consequences that results from their acts. In case of needs, people are motivated not by what others think they ought to have but by what they they want.Motivation of employees is essential to the operation of organizations and the biggest challenge aced by managers. Desire for Involvement-Many employees actively seeks opportunities at work to become involved in relevant decisions, thereby contributing their talents and ideas to the organization's success. Consequently, organizations need to provide opportunities to the employees for meaningful involvement. Value of the Person- People wants to be treated with care, dignity and respect and increasingly they are demanding such treatment from their employers.They want to be valued for their skills and abilities and to be provided with opportunities to develop themselves. For performing these roles, skills required by the managers are: 0 Technical Skills- The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise 0 Human Skills-The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups Conceptual Skills-The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations Framing the study of Organizational behavior The study of B involves A. He Organization's Environment B. The Individual in the Organization C. Interpersonal Influence and Group Behavior D. Organizational Processes, Structure and Design Models of Organizational Behavior Models of Organizational Behavior constitute the belief system that dominates management's thought and affects management's actions in each organization. It is very important for the managers to recognize the nature, significance and effectiveness of their own models as well as the models of others around them.Assumptions about Employees- Theory X and Theory Y by Mac Gregory (1957) THEORY X The typical person dislikes work and avoids it if possible The typical person lacks responsibility, has little ambition and seeks security above all Most people must be coerced, controlled, and threatened with punishment to get hem to work With these assumptions the managerial role is to coerce and control employees THEORY Y Work is as natural as play or rest . People is not inherently lazy.They have become that way as a result of experience People will exercise self direction and self control in the service of the objectives to which they are committed People have potential. Under proper condition they learn to accept and seek responsibility. They have imagination, ingenuity and creativity that can be applied to work With these assumptions the managerial role is to develop the potential in employees and help hem release that potential toward common objectives.Five Models of Organizational Behavior- The five models of Organizational Behavior – Autocratic, Custodial, Supportive, Collegial and System, in the order mentioned, represent the historical evolution in management practice. Organizations differ amongst themselves in the model practiced by it. The practices may vary within the departments or branches of one organization. Also, the practices of individual managers may differ from their organization's prevailing model because of the manager's personal preference or different conditions in their department.The models of organizational behavior Autocratic Custodial Supportive Collegial System Basis of Model Power Economic resources Leadership Partnership Trust, Community, Meaning Managerial Orientation Authority Money Support Teamwork Caring, compassion Employee Orientation Obedience Security and benefits Job performance Responsible behavior Psychological ownership Employee psychological result Dependence on boss Dependence on organization Participation Self discipline Self motivation Employee needs met Subsistence Security Status and recognition Self actualization Wide range Performance result MinimumPassive cooperation Awakened drives Moderate enthusiasm Passion and commitment to organizational goals. Motivation MOTIVATION Motivation: the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal, specifically for B, toward attaining an organizational goal. Intensity: how hard a person tries to meet a goal. Direction: efforts are channeled toward organizational goals. Persistence: how long a person maintains effort toward a goal. The Motivational Framework Visualizing how motivational processes occur Need: Anything an individual requires/wantsNeed deficiency: Leads to need to satisfy the need Goal-directed behaviors: Result from trying to satisfy the need deficiency Rewards/ Punishments: Consequences of the goal directed behavior EARLY THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Mascots Hierarchy of Needs Theory Figure: The Hierarchy of Needs Adapted from Abraham H. Moscow, â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation,† In this, perhaps best known (and least supported) of all motivational theories, Abraham Moscow proposed that there are five levels of human needs. As each of the lower level needs are satisfied, the next unsatisfied need becomes dominant.Satisfied needs no longer motivate, only unsatisfied needs motivate people. Physiological: lower order need, includes hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs. Lower order needs are satisfied externally, through forces outside of the person. Safety: lower order need, includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm. Social: upper order need, includes affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship. Upper order needs are satisfied internally, that is, from within the person. Esteem: upper order need, includes internal (self-respect, autonomy, and achievement) and external